Rimonda Camerata Ducale Viotti 1 3 7 Decca Review

National anthem of France

La Marseillaise

English: The Marseillaise
The Marseillais volunteers departing, sculpted on the Arc de Triomphe
National anthem of French republic
Too known as	Chant de Guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin (English: State of war song for the Army of the Rhine)
Lyrics	Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle, 1792
Music	Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle
Adopted	14 July 1795 1870
Relinquished	1799 (readopted in 1870)
Sound sample
"La Marseillaise" (instrumental) file help

"La Marseillaise"^[a] is the national anthem of France. The song was written in 1792 past Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in Strasbourg afterward the annunciation of war by France against Austria, and was originally titled "Dirge de guerre pour fifty'Armée du Rhin" ("War Song for the Army of the Rhine").

The French National Convention adopted information technology as the Republic'south canticle in 1795. The vocal acquired its nickname afterward beingness sung in Paris by volunteers from Marseille marching to the capital. The song is the first example of the "European march" anthemic style. The anthem's evocative melody and lyrics have led to its widespread apply as a song of revolution and its incorporation into many pieces of classical and popular music.

History

As the French Revolution continued, the monarchies of Europe became concerned that revolutionary fervor would spread to their countries. The War of the First Coalition was an try to end the revolution, or at to the lowest degree incorporate it to French republic. Initially, the French army did non distinguish itself, and Coalition armies invaded France. On 25 Apr 1792, Baron Philippe-Frédéric de Dietrich, the mayor of Strasbourg and worshipful main of the local masonic club, asked his freemason guest Rouget de Lisle to compose a song "that will rally our soldiers from all over to defend their homeland that is nether threat".^{[i] [2]} That evening, Rouget de Lisle wrote "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin"^[iii] (English: "War Vocal for the Army of the Rhine"), and dedicated the song to Marshal Nicolas Luckner, a Bavarian freemason in French service from Cham.^[4] A plaque on the building on Place Broglie where De Dietrich's business firm once stood commemorates the result.^[5] De Dietrich was executed the next year during the Reign of Terror.^[half-dozen]

The tune soon became the rallying telephone call to the French Revolution and was adopted as "La Marseillaise" after the tune was first sung on the streets past volunteers (fédérés in French) from Marseille by the end of May. These fédérés were making their entrance into the city of Paris on 30 July 1792 after a young volunteer from Montpellier called François Mireur had sung it at a patriotic gathering in Marseille, and the troops adopted information technology as the marching song of the National Guard of Marseille.^[iii] A newly graduated medical dr., Mireur afterwards became a full general nether Napoléon Bonaparte and died in Egypt at historic period 28.^[vii]

The vocal's lyrics reflect the invasion of France by foreign armies (from Prussia and Republic of austria) that was under mode when information technology was written. Strasbourg itself was attacked just a few days later. The invading forces were repulsed from France following their defeat in the Battle of Valmy. As the vast majority of Alsatians did not speak French, a German version ("Auf, Brüder, auf dem Tag entgegen") was published in October 1792 in Colmar.^[viii]

Belgian singer Jean Noté singing "La Marseillaise" in 1907

The Convention accepted it as the French national anthem in a decree passed on xiv July 1795, making it France's commencement canticle.^[9] Information technology later lost this status under Napoleon I, and the song was banned outright by Louis Eighteen and Charles Ten, being re-instated but briefly subsequently the July Revolution of 1830.^[x] During Napoleon I'southward reign, "Veillons au salut de 50'Empire" was the unofficial anthem of the government, and in Napoleon III'south reign, information technology was "Partant pour la Syrie", but the Government brought dorsum the iconic anthem in an attempt to motivate the French people during the Franco-Prussian War. During the nineteenth and early on twentieth centuries, "La Marseillaise" was recognised as the anthem of the international revolutionary motion; as such, it was adopted by the Paris Commune in 1871, albeit with new lyrics nether the title "La marseillaise de la Commune". Eight years afterwards, in 1879, information technology was restored as France'due south national canticle, and has remained and so ever since.^[10]

Music

Several musical antecedents accept been cited for the tune:

• Tema e variazioni in Practise maggiore, a work by the Italian violinist Giovanni Battista Viotti (composed in 1781);^{[11] [12]} the dating of the manuscript has been questioned.^[xiii]
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's Allegro maestoso from the Pianoforte Concerto No. 25 (composed in 1786).^[fourteen]
• The oratorio Esther by Jean Baptiste Lucien Grison (composed in 1787).^{[xv] [16]}

Other attributions (the credo of the fourth mass of Holtzmann of Mursberg)^[17] take been refuted.^[eighteen]

Rouget de Lisle himself never signed the score of "La Marseillaise".^{[ citation needed ]}

Lyrics

French original

English translation

Allons enfants de la Patrie, Le jour de gloire est arrivé ! Contre nous de la tyrannie Fifty'étendard sanglant est levé, (bis) Entendez-vous dans les campagnes Mugir ces féroces soldats ? Ils viennent jusque dans vos bras Égorger vos fils, vos compagnes ! Refrain : Aux armes, citoyens, Formez vos bataillons, Marchons, marchons ! Qu'united nations sang impur Abreuve nos sillons ! Que veut cette horde d'esclaves, De traîtres, de rois conjurés ? Pour qui ces ignobles entraves, Ces fers dès longtemps préparés ? (bis) Français, pour nous, ah ! quel outrage Quels transports il doit exciter ! C'est nous qu'on ose méditer De rendre à 50'antiquarian esclavage ! Refrain Quoi ! des cohortes étrangères Feraient la loi dans nos foyers ! Quoi ! Ces phalanges mercenaires Terrasseraient nos fiers guerriers ! (bis) Thousand Dieu ! Par des mains enchaînées Nos fronts sous le joug se ploieraient De vils despotes deviendraient Les maîtres de nos destinées ! Refrain Tremblez, tyrans et vous perfides L'opprobre de tous les partis, Tremblez ! vos projets parricides Vont enfin recevoir leurs prix ! (bis) Tout est soldat pour vous combattre, S'ils tombent, nos jeunes héros, La terre en produit de nouveaux, Contre vous tout prêts à se battre ! Refrain Français, en guerriers magnanimes, Portez ou retenez vos coups ! Épargnez ces tristes victimes, À regret s'armant contre nous. (bis) Mais ces despotes sanguinaires, Mais ces complices de Bouillé, Tous ces tigres qui, sans pitié, Déchirent le sein de leur mère ! Refrain Amour sacré de la Patrie, Conduis, soutiens nos bras vengeurs Liberté, Liberté chérie, Combats avec tes défenseurs ! (bis) Sous nos drapeaux que la victoire Accoure à tes mâles accents, Que tes ennemis expirants Voient ton triomphe et notre gloire ! Refrain Couplet des enfants: [b] Nous entrerons dans la carrière Quand nos aînés northward'y seront plus, Nous y trouverons leur poussière Et la trace de leurs vertus (bis) Bien moins jaloux de leur survivre Que de partager leur cercueil, Nous aurons le sublime orgueil De les venger ou de les suivre. Refrain

Arise, children of the Fatherland, The day of celebrity has arrived! Against us, tyranny'southward Bloody standard is raised, (repeated) Do you hear, in the countryside, The roar of those ferocious soldiers? They're coming right into your arms To cut the throats of your sons, your women! Refrain: To artillery, citizens, Form your battalions, March, march! Permit an impure claret Water our furrows! What does this horde of slaves Of traitors and conspiring kings want? For whom have these vile chains These irons, been long prepared? (repeated) Frenchmen, for the states, ah! What outrage What furious action information technology must agitate! It is us they dare programme A return to the old slavery! Refrain What! Strange cohorts! Would make the law in our homes! What! These mercenary phalanxes Would strike downward our proud warriors! (repeated) Great God! By chained hands Our brows would yield nether the yoke Vile despots would themselves become The masters of our destinies! Refrain Tremble, tyrants and you traitors The shame of all parties, Tremble! Your parricidal schemes Will finally receive their prize! (repeated) Anybody is a soldier to gainsay you lot, If they fall, our young heroes, Will be produced anew from the ground, Ready to fight against you! Refrain Frenchmen, as magnanimous warriors, Bear or hold back your blows! Spare those sorry victims, For regretfully arming against the states (repeated) But these bloodthirsty despots These accomplices of Bouillé All these tigers who, mercilessly, Tear apart their mother's breast! Refrain Sacred love of the Fatherland, Lead, support our avenging arms Freedom, cherished Liberty Fight with your defenders! (repeated) Nether our flags may victory Bustle to your manly accents And so that yoir expiring enemies Run into your triumph and our celebrity! Refrain Children'south verse: We shall enter the (armed forces) career When our elders are no longer there There we shall find their grit And the trace of their virtues (repeated) Much less keen to survive them Than to share their coffins Nosotros shall accept the sublime pride To avenge or follow them. Refrain

Cultural bear on and musical adaptations

Score of the opening lines of "La Marseillaise"

"La Marseillaise" was bundled for soprano, chorus and orchestra past Hector Berlioz in about 1830.^[19]

Franz Liszt wrote a piano transcription of the anthem.^[xx]

During World War I, bandleader James Reese Europe played a jazz version of "La Marseillaise".^[21]

Adaptations in other musical works

• Dmitri Shostakovich quotes "La Marseillaise" at some length during the fifth reel of the film score he equanimous for the 1929 silent movie, The New Babylon (set during the Paris Commune), where it is juxtaposed contrapuntally with the famous "Infernal Galop" from Offenbach'south Orpheus in the Underworld.^[22]
• Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky quotes "La Marseillaise" in his 1812 Overture, representing the invading French Army under Napoleon (although information technology was non the French national canticle at that time), and information technology is drowned out by cannon burn down, symbolizing the Russian victory at the Boxing of Borodino.
• Claude Debussy quotes fragments of "La Marseillaise" in two of his pianoforte works: the endmost confined of Feux d'artifice, the last piece in the second volume of his Préludes for pianoforte solo, composed in 1913; and the second movement Lent. Sombre in the 2-pianoforte suite En blanc et noir, equanimous in 1915 during World War I, and prefaced past verses from François Villon's Ballade contre les ennemis de la France.
• The Beatles hit single of 1967, "All Yous Demand Is Beloved", uses the opening bars of "La Marseillaise" equally an introduction.^[23]
• On Simchat Torah (xviii–19 October) 1973, the Lubavitcher Rebbe adapted the melody to the Jewish prayer "Ha'aderet V'ha'emuna [he]". In Chabad, the tune is believed to convey the idea of a "spiritual French revolution" – in that Torah should be spread around the earth as an advent to the messianic era.^[24]

Notable utilise in other media

• The movie Casablanca features a scene where the German, Major Strasser, leads a group of officers in singing "Dice Wacht am Rhein" ("The Watch on the Rhine"). The Resistance leader, Victor Laszlo, orders the house band to play "La Marseillaise". When the ring looks to the owner Rick, he nods his head. Laszlo starts singing, lone at kickoff, then patriotic fervor grips the crowd and anybody joins in, drowning out the Germans as the entire tavern sings "La Marseillaise".

Historical Russian use

In Russia, "La Marseillaise" was used as a republican revolutionary canticle by those who knew French starting in the 18th century, almost simultaneously with its adoption in France. In 1875 Peter Lavrov, a narodnik revolutionary and theorist, wrote a Russian-linguistic communication text (non a translation of the French ane) to the same melody. This "Worker'south Marseillaise" became one of the most pop revolutionary songs in Russian federation and was used in the Revolution of 1905. After the February Revolution of 1917, information technology was used as the semi-official national canticle of the new Russian commonwealth. Even after the October Revolution, it remained in use for a while alongside The Internationale.^[25]

Criticism

The English language philosopher and reformer Jeremy Bentham, who was declared an honorary citizen of France in 1791 in recognition of his sympathies for the ethics of the French Revolution, was non enamoured of "La Marseillaise". Contrasting its qualities with the "beauty" and "simplicity" of "God Relieve the Male monarch", he wrote in 1796:

The War whoop of anarchy, the Marseillais Hymn, is to my ear, I must confess, independently of all moral clan, a most dismal, apartment, and faltering ditty: and to whatsoever ear information technology is at whatsoever rate a long winded and complicated i. In the instance of a melody and then mischievous in its awarding, information technology is a fortunate incident, if, in itself, information technology should be doomed neither in point of universality, nor permanence, to gain equal concur on the affections of the people.^[26]

Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, a former President of French republic, has said that it is ridiculous to sing about drenching French fields with impure Prussian blood as a German Chancellor takes the salute in Paris.^[27] A 1992 entrada to change the words of the vocal involving more than than 100 prominent French citizens, including Danielle Mitterrand, married woman of and then-President François Mitterrand, was unsuccessful.^[28]

The British historian Simon Schama discussed "La Marseillaise" on BBC Radio 4'due south Today programme on 17 November 2015 (in the immediate aftermath of the Paris attacks), saying it was "... the great example of backbone and solidarity when facing danger; that's why it is so invigorating, that'due south why it really is the greatest national anthem in the world, ever. Virtually national anthems are pompous, flippant, ceremonious, but this is genuinely thrilling. Very of import in the song ... is the line 'before us is tyranny, the bloody standard of tyranny has risen'. There is no more ferocious tyranny right now than ISIS, so information technology's extremely easy for the tragically and desperately grieving French to place with that".^[29]

See also

• "Marche Henri IV", the national canticle of the Kingdom of France
• "La Marseillaise des Blancs", the Imperial and Catholic variation
• "Ça Ira", another famous canticle of the French Revolution
• "Chant du départ", the official canticle of the Napoleonic Empire
• "Belorussian Marseillaise", a patriotic song in Belarus
• "Onamo", a Montenegrin patriotic song popularly known as the "Serbian Marseillaise"
• "The Women's Marseillaise", a women'southward suffrage protestation song

Notes

1. ^ Pronunciation: MAR-sə-LAYZ, MAR-say-(Y)EZ , French: [la maʁsɛjɛːz]
2. ^ The seventh verse was not part of the original text; it was added in 1792 by an unknown writer.

References

1. ^ Dictionnaire Universelle de la Franc-Maçonnerie page 601 - Jode and Cara (Larousse - 2011)
2. ^ "La Marseillaise" (in French). National Assembly of France. Archived from the original on 15 May 2012. Retrieved 24 Apr 2012.
3. ^ ^{a b} Weber, Eugen (one June 1976). Peasants into Frenchmen: The Modernization of Rural France, 1870–1914 . Stanford University Press. p. 439. ISBN978-0-8047-1013-viii . Retrieved 24 Apr 2012.
4. ^ Stevens, Benjamin F. (January 1896). "Story of La Marseillaise". The Musical Record. Boston, Massachusetts: Oliver Ditson Company (408): two. Retrieved 24 April 2012.
5. ^ "Plaque Frédéric De Dietrich". Archi-Wiki. Retrieved 19 September 2017.
6. ^ (in French) Louis Spach, Frederic de Dietrich, premier maire de Strasbourg., Strasbourgh, Vve. Berger-Levrault & fils, 1857.
7. ^ "General François Mireur". Retrieved 26 January 2015.
8. ^ Wochenblatt, dem Unterricht des Landvolks gewidmet, Colmar 1792 [1].
9. ^ Mould, Michael (2011). The Routledge Dictionary of Cultural References in Mod French. New York: Taylor & Francis. p. 147. ISBN978-1-136-82573-half-dozen . Retrieved 23 November 2011.
10. ^ ^{a b} Paul Halsall (1997),"La Marseillaise", Internet History Sourcebooks Project
11. ^ "La Marseillaise, united nations hymne à l'histoire tourmentée" past Romaric Godin, La Tribune, xx November 2015 (in French)
12. ^ Micaela Ovale & Guilia Mazzetto. "Progetti Viotti" (PDF). Guido Rimonda (in Italian). Guido Rimonda. Retrieved 24 August 2019. Basti ricordare che "La Marsigliese" nasce da un tema con variazioni di Viotti scritto nel 1781, ben 11 anni prima della comparsa dell'inno nazionale francese ufficiale. English Translation Just remember that "La Marsigliese" was born from a theme with variations past Viotti written in 1781, 11 years before the advent of the official French national anthem
13. ^ La Confront, Giuseppina (ten January 2016). "La Marsigliese e il mistero attorno alla sua paternità". il fatto quotidiano . Retrieved 10 January 2020. A dicembre la Camerata Ducale, diretta dal violinista Guido Rimonda, ha eseguito un Tema con variazioni per violino e orchestra sulla Marsigliese, attribuito al grande compositore vercellese Giovan Battista Viotti. Rimonda, che per la Decca sta registrando gli opera omnia dell'illustre concittadino, possiede un manoscritto del Tema con variazioni firmato "GB Viotti" e datato "1781"....... Nel libriccino che accompagna il CD Decca del 2013, è riprodotta la prima pagina del manoscritto. Secondo un esperto di Viotti, il canadese Warwick Lister (Advert Parnassum, Thirteen, aprile 2015), la firma di Viotti in alto a destra potrebbe essere autentica, ma le parole "ii mars 1781" sono di un'altra mano. Non si può dunque escludere che Viotti abbia davvero scritto una serie di variazioni su un tema che tutt'Europa conobbe a metà degli anni 1790; ma 50'thought che il brano risalga al decennio precedente, e che la paternità musicale dell'inno vada girata a un violinista vercellese, è appesa all'esile filo di una information d'incerta mano su united nations manoscritto d'incerta provenienza. Translation: In December the Camerata Ducale, conducted by the violinist Guido Rimonda, performed a Theme with variations for violin and orchestra on the Marseillaise, attributed to the great Vercelli composer Giovan Battista Viotti. Rimonda, who for the Decca is recording the opera omnia of the illustrious fellow citizen, owns a manuscript of the Theme with variations signed "GB Viotti" and dated "1781"....... In the booklet accompanying the 2013 Decca CD, the first page of the manuscript is reproduced. According to an expert from Viotti, the Canadian Warwick Lister ( Advertizing Parnassum, XIII, April 2015), Viotti'southward signature on the top correct may exist authentic, but the words "2 mars 1781" are from another paw. It cannot therefore be excluded that Viotti really wrote a series of variations on a theme that all of Europe knew in the mid-1790s; but the thought that the slice dates back to the previous decade, and that the musical authorship of the hymn should exist turned to a Vercelli violinist, hangs on the slender thread of a date of uncertain hand on a manuscript of uncertain origin.
14. ^ "Archived re-create". Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 3 February 2013. {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
15. ^ Lot, Arthur (1886). La Marseillaise: enquête sur son véritable auteur. V. Palmé, 1886; Nouvelles Éditions Latines 1992. p. 11. ISBN9782723304580 . Retrieved thirteen January 2020. Cette partition musicale, que ma famille possède toujours, avait été écrite par Jean-Baptiste Lucien Grisons, chef de maîtrise à la cathédrale de Saint-Omer de 1775 à 1787. Or l'air des Stances sur la Calamnie, par laquelle débute cet oratorio, n'est autre que 50'air de la Marseillaise. English Translation: This musical score, which my family still owns, was written past Jean-Baptiste Lucien Grisons, chief of chief at the cathedral of Saint-Omer from 1775 to 1787. Now the tune of Stances on Calamnia, with which this oratorio begins, is none other than the air of the Marseillaise.
16. ^ Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. Yard., eds. (1905). "Marseillaise". New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
17. ^ Ripley, George; Dana, Charles A., eds. (1879). "Marseillaise". The American Cyclopædia. See also Geschichte eines deutschen Liedes at German Wikisource.
18. ^ Istel, Edgar (April 1922). "Is the Marseillaise a German composition? (The history of a hoax)". The Musical Quarterly. 8 (2): 213–226. doi:x.1093/mq/eight.2.213. JSTOR 738232.
19. ^ William Apthorp (1879) Hector Berlioz; Selections from His Letters, and Aesthetic, Humorous, and Satirical Writings, Henry Holt, New York
20. ^ Fifty.J. de Bekker (1909) Stokes' Encyclopedia of Music and Musicians, Frederick Stokes, New York
21. ^ Williams, Chad 50. (2013). Torchbearers of Commonwealth African American Soldiers in the Globe War I Era. The Academy of North Carolina Press. ISBN978-i-4696-0496-1. OCLC 957516717.
22. ^ Described and played on BBC Radio 3'due south CD Review program "Building a Library: Elgar: Violin Concerto" (14 Jan 2012)^{[ time needed ]}
23. ^ Edwards, Gavin (28 August 2014). "How the Beatles' 'All You Demand Is Love' Made History". Rolling Stone . Retrieved 24 April 2020.
24. ^ "The Spiritual French Revolution: A Miracle in Our Times, 5752 (1992)". Chabad.org . Retrieved 21 June 2020.
25. ^ Соболева, Н.А. 2005. Из истории отечественных государственных гимнов. Журнал "Отечественная история", one. P.ten-12 Archived 16 December 2008 at the Wayback Car
26. ^ Bentham, Jeremy (2001). Quinn, Michael (ed.). Writings on the Poor Laws, Vol. I. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 136. ISBN978-0199242320.
27. ^ Bremner, Charles (xiv May 2014). "Cannes star denounces 'racist' Marseillaise at festival opening". The Times . Retrieved fourteen May 2014.
28. ^ Riding, Alan (5 March 1992). "Aux Barricades! 'La Marseillaise' Is Besieged". The New York Times . Retrieved 14 May 2014.
29. ^ "Simon Schama explains La Marseillaise". BBC News. 17 November 2015. Retrieved 23 Nov 2015.

Further reading

• Hughes, Charles (Spring 1940). "Music of the French Revolution". Science & Society. 4 (two): 193–210. JSTOR 40399324.

External links

• La Marseillaise: Scores at the International Music Score Library Projection
• "La Marseillaise de Rouget de Lisle" (in French). Élysée – Présidence de la République.
• "Les paroles de la Marseillaise" (in French). Assemblée nationale.
• La Marseillaise, Iain Patterson's comprehensive website
• Texts on Wikisource:
  • La Marseillaise
  • "Marseillaise, The". The Nuttall Encyclopædia. 1907.
  • "Marseillaise". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.

hitchcockoffearmed.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Marseillaise

Share this post